Fiber to the home (FTTH) is a technological direction that people have been pursuing continuously for 20 years. However, due to obstacles in cost, technology, and demand, it has not yet been widely promoted and developed. However, the slow progress of the recent situation has been greatly improved. Due to policy support and the development of technology itself, after years of silence, FTTH has once again become a hot spot and has entered a period of rapid development. Various related broadband applications such as VoIP, Online-game, E-learning, MOD (Multimedia on Demand) and smart homes that are emerging at present bring comfort and convenience to life.

The interactive high-definition viewing revolution initiated by HDTV has made optical fibers with excellent characteristics such as high bandwidth, large capacity, and low loss become an inevitable choice for the medium of data transmission to the client. Because of this, many people of insight regard FTTx (especially fiber to the home and fiber to the premises) as an important turning point in the recovery of the optical communications market. And it is expected that in the next few years, FTTH network will have greater development. This article will FTTx division, as well as the implementation of major FTTx technology now in development around the world to do a comprehensive introduction.

Different types of FTTx

FTTx network access technology is mainly used for optic fiber, the region ranging from the central office telecommunications equipment room to the user terminal equipment, central office optical line terminal equipment (Optical Line Terminal, OLT), the user device is a optical network unit (Optical Network Unit, ONU) or optical network terminal (Optical Network Terminal, ONT). According to the distance from the fiber to the user,  it can be divided into Fiber To The Cabinet (FTTCab), Fiber To The Curb (FTTC), and Fiber To The Building (Fiber To The Cabinet). There are 4 service forms including Building, FTTB) and Fiber To The Home (FTTH). The US operator Verizon collectively refers to FTTB and FTTH as Fiber To The Premise (FTTP). The above services can be collectively referred to as FTTx.

FTTC is currently the most important form of services, primarily for residential users for the service, the ONU device placed on the chassis side of the road, use ONU CATV signals transmitted out of the coaxial cable or twisted pair telephone transmission and Internet services.

There are two types of FTTB according to the service objects. One is the user service of apartment buildings, and the other is the company line number service of commercial buildings. Both types of ONUs are set in the basement wiring box of the building, only the ONU of the apartment building. It is an extension of FTTC, and the commercial building is for medium and large enterprises. The transmission rate must be increased to provide high-speed data, e-commerce, video conference and other broadband services.

As for FTTH, ITU（International Telecommunication Union） believes that FTTH is only when the optical-to-electrical converter (or media converter MC) at the end of the optical fiber reaches the user's desktop within 100 meters. FTTH extends the distance of optical fiber to the end user's home, so that a variety of broadband services can be provided in the home, such as VOD, shopping at home, and class at home, providing more business opportunities. If matched with WLAN technology, broadband and mobile will be combined, and the future of broadband digital homes can be achieved.

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